Emma Mackay is a statistician and methodologist working as a Scientific Advisor for GEMINI Research at Unity Health Toronto. She specializes in Bayesian methods and causal inference for medical research. Her recent work has focused on applying Bayesian borrowing to address the challenges of evaluating efficacy/effectiveness in rare disease settings. She has extensive experience in health economics & outcomes research (HEOR) analytics with expertise in meta-analysis, survival modelling, external control arm methods, and population-adjusted indirect comparisons.